Wasserstoff. Perspektiven einer wasserstoff-energiewirtschaft. Teil 2: Wasserstoffspeichering und infrastruktur

Building on the contribution in the issue BWK 12/2000 "Techniques and Systems for Hydrogen Storage" this study presents the technologies to store hydrogen and analyzes future options for a hydrogen infrastructure and logistics. Part 3 will deal with the selected process chains for the preparation of hydrogen and compare them for various applications. Since 1996, the Forschungsstelle für Energiewirtschaft has become the coordination point of the Wasserstoff-Initiative Bayern (wiba) and among other tasks concerns itself with the prospects for a hydrogen energy economy. To this end, the Technische Universität München Chair for Energy Economy and Application Technology has made a complete energetic process chain analysis of various preparation paths for hydrogen. The discussion covers the storage of hydrogen in terms of pressure storage (stationary, decentralized, and mobile); hydride storage; liquid hydrogen (state of the art, development potential, and balancing); storage in graphite nanostructures; hydrogen logistics (ship distance transport of liquid hydrogen in terms of loading and transport); pipeline distance transport of gaseous hydrogen (state of the art, development potential, and balancing); distance electricity transport of solar generated electrical energy and from that generation of hydrogen (state of the art, development potential, and balancing); and conclusion. An important difference in the construction of a solar hydrogen energy economy is the selection of a suitable infrastructure. The choice of the distance transport system for the solar energy plays a decisive role in this. The comparison is made of the cost of the hydrogen to the consumer in terms of the cost of transport. Decisive for the determination of the hydrogen system to be used is the form of hydrogen demanded by the user. If the user wants gaseous hydrogen, the liquefaction of hydrogen exclusively for transport purposes is ruled out from the energetic stance. However, if liquid hydrogen is needed by the end application, the liquid hydrogen ship transport is an interesting alternative. Distance electricity transport under energetic considerations is the most favorable variant of the systems considered. This follows ship transport of liquid hydrogen, if this is what the end user wants. The transport of gaseous hydrogen becomes increasingly uninteresting with increasing transport distance. Other criteria are discussed. (The paper also contains flow diagrams, tables, photographs, graphs, and references).