Vergleichende Betrachtung der Metallionenfreisetzung konventioneller und alternativer Jagdschrote in einem Perkolationsversuch

This paper discusses the leaching of metals from conventional and alternative game shot in an artificial substrate with minimal sorption capacity in order to acquire first values for a riskassessment of the emission of shot to the terrestrial environment. For this purpose, a collective of different shots was selected with special regards to different materials, coatings and market relevance (Tab. 1). Percolation tests were conducted under acidic and alkaline conditions referring to SCHWARZ et al. (2015). With the exception of antimony, higher metal leaching was observed under acidic conditions. Furthermore, metal leaching from non-corroded shot (at the beginning of percolation; Tab. 3) can considerably differ from the metal release of corroded shot (at the end of percolation; Tab. 4). Assessing the leaching behavior of the shot types Fiocchi Steel Shot, Rottweil Steel Game and Eley Bismuth Alphamax they showed no exceedance of the used test values for the pathway soil-groundwater (Tab. 3 and Tab. 4) given by the German soil protection directive (BBODSCHV). Additional regards to different ecotoxicological rankings of investigated materials for ammunition by LEPPER et al. (2003) and FÄTH and GÖTTLEIN (2015) conclude that not only the input of lead, but also the emission of copper, nickel and zinc into the environment has to be regarded. As shown by the leaching behavior of a tin-coated lead shot, coatings could be a possible solution to reduce heavy metal release. However, coatings can also be the main source of heavy metal release as observed for the coated steel shot Winchester Blind Side. The critical leaching of metals from some alternative shots as well as the detected consumer fraud of “lead-free” ammunition (FOB Sweet Copper) requires standardized test criteria for game shot available on the market. Finally, regarding the applicability of a material for use in game shot the aspects of killing efficiency, hunting safety, gun compatibility and hygienics of game meat have to be additionally taken into account, besides ecotoxicological issues.