Using Gaze Transition Entropy to Detect Classroom Discourse in a Virtual Reality Classroom

Philipp Stark, Alexander J. Jung, Jens Uwe Hahn, Enkelejda Kasneci, Richard Göllner

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contributionpeer-review

Abstract

This paper explores gaze entropy as a metric for detecting classroom discourse events in a virtual reality (VR) classroom. Using data from a laboratory experiment with N = 240 secondary school students, we distinguished between events of teacher-centered classroom discourse (question, hand raising, answer) and teacher explanation by analyzing their transition and stationary gaze entropy. Employing multi-level regression models, both entropy measures effectively discriminated between the two events and distinguished different levels of classroom participation as indicated by the degree of hand-raising by virtual students. Furthermore, using both measures in a logistic regression model, the potential of gaze entropy could be demonstrated by predicting the two events with 67% accuracy. By analyzing transition and stationary entropy, the study attempts to uncover different gaze patterns associated with learning events in a virtual classroom. The results contribute to the research and development of VR scenarios that help to simulate effective learning environments.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationProceedings - ETRA 2024, ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications
EditorsStephen N. Spencer
PublisherAssociation for Computing Machinery
ISBN (Electronic)9798400706073
DOIs
StatePublished - 4 Jun 2024
Event16th Annual ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, ETRA 2024 - Hybrid, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Duration: 4 Jun 20247 Jun 2024

Publication series

NameEye Tracking Research and Applications Symposium (ETRA)

Conference

Conference16th Annual ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, ETRA 2024
Country/TerritoryUnited Kingdom
CityHybrid, Glasgow
Period4/06/247/06/24

Keywords

  • Classroom Discourse
  • Event Detection
  • Eye Tracking
  • Gaze Entropy
  • Virtual Reality

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