TY - JOUR
T1 - Trends in the Prevalence of Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone Contact Allergy in North America and Europe
AU - Reeder, Margo J.
AU - Warshaw, Erin
AU - Aravamuthan, Srikanth
AU - Belsito, Donald V.
AU - Geier, Johannes
AU - Wilkinson, Mark
AU - Atwater, Amber Reck
AU - White, Ian R.
AU - Silverberg, Jonathan I.
AU - Taylor, James S.
AU - Fowler, Joseph F.
AU - Maibach, Howard I.
AU - Dekoven, Joel G.
AU - Buhl, Timo
AU - Botto, Nina
AU - Giménez-Arnau, Ana Maria
AU - Gallo, Rosella
AU - Mowad, Christen
AU - Lang, Claudia C.V.
AU - Deleo, Vincent A.
AU - Johnston, Graham
AU - Pratt, Melanie D.
AU - Brockow, Knut
AU - Adler, Brandon L.
AU - Houle, Marie Claude
AU - Dickel, Heinrich
AU - Schuttelaar, Marie Louise A.
AU - Yu, Jiade
AU - Spiewak, Radoslaw
AU - Dunnick, Cory
AU - Filon, Francesca Larese
AU - Valiukevičienė, Skaidra
AU - Uter, Wolfgang
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
PY - 2023/3/15
Y1 - 2023/3/15
N2 - Importance: The common use of isothiazolinones as preservatives is a global cause of allergic contact dermatitis. Differences in allowable concentrations of methylisothiazolinone (MI) exist in Europe, Canada, and the US. Objective: To compare the prevalence of positive patch test reactions to the methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) combination and MI alone in North America and Europe from 2009 to 2018. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group, European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA), and the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) databases included data from patients presenting for patch testing at referral patch test clinics in North America and Europe. Exposures: Patch tests to MCI/MI and MI. Main Outcomes and Measures: Prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis to MCI/MI and MI. Results: From 2009 to 2018, participating sites in North America and Europe patch tested a total of 226161 individuals to MCI/MI and 118779 to MI. In Europe, positivity to MCI/MI peaked during 2013 and 2014 at 7.6% (ESSCA) and 5.4% (IVDK) before decreasing to 4.4% (ESSCA) and 3.2% (IVDK) during 2017 and 2018. Positive reactions to MI were 5.5% (ESSCA) and 3.4% (IVDK) during 2017 and 2018. In North America, the frequency of positivity to MCI/MI increased steadily through the study period, reaching 10.8% for MCI/MI during 2017 and 2018. Positive reactions to MI were 15.0% during 2017 and 2018. Conclusions and Relevance: The study results suggest that in contrast to the continued increase in North America, isothiazolinone allergy is decreasing in Europe. This trend may coincide with earlier and more stringent government regulation of MI in Europe..
AB - Importance: The common use of isothiazolinones as preservatives is a global cause of allergic contact dermatitis. Differences in allowable concentrations of methylisothiazolinone (MI) exist in Europe, Canada, and the US. Objective: To compare the prevalence of positive patch test reactions to the methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) combination and MI alone in North America and Europe from 2009 to 2018. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group, European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA), and the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) databases included data from patients presenting for patch testing at referral patch test clinics in North America and Europe. Exposures: Patch tests to MCI/MI and MI. Main Outcomes and Measures: Prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis to MCI/MI and MI. Results: From 2009 to 2018, participating sites in North America and Europe patch tested a total of 226161 individuals to MCI/MI and 118779 to MI. In Europe, positivity to MCI/MI peaked during 2013 and 2014 at 7.6% (ESSCA) and 5.4% (IVDK) before decreasing to 4.4% (ESSCA) and 3.2% (IVDK) during 2017 and 2018. Positive reactions to MI were 5.5% (ESSCA) and 3.4% (IVDK) during 2017 and 2018. In North America, the frequency of positivity to MCI/MI increased steadily through the study period, reaching 10.8% for MCI/MI during 2017 and 2018. Positive reactions to MI were 15.0% during 2017 and 2018. Conclusions and Relevance: The study results suggest that in contrast to the continued increase in North America, isothiazolinone allergy is decreasing in Europe. This trend may coincide with earlier and more stringent government regulation of MI in Europe..
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85150396793&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.5991
DO - 10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.5991
M3 - Article
C2 - 36652228
AN - SCOPUS:85150396793
SN - 2168-6068
VL - 159
SP - 267
EP - 274
JO - JAMA Dermatology
JF - JAMA Dermatology
IS - 3
ER -