Trends in integrated land-use/transport modeling: An evaluation of the state of the art

Integrated land-use/transport models have five decades of history of both widely recognized successful implementations and implementations that remained far behind their originally stated goals. This paper summarizes the state of the art of integrated land-use/transport modeling and reports on findings from the Symposium for the Integration of Land-Use and Transport Models in Raitenhaslach, which is near Munich, in 2016. From these sources, the paper identifies major challenges in integrated land-use/transport modeling and proposes paths that support successful implementations. Particular attention is given to the coordination of short- and long-term decisions, the technical integration of models, microscopic versus macroscopic frameworks and appropriate levels of model complexity. The paper concludes with five themes that require further research to ensure that integrated land-use/transport models will keep up with modeling needs in the future.