Towards the integration of remanufacturing into existing manufacturing systems

In response to the critical need for sustainable manufacturing, this study explores the integration of remanufacturing into existing manufacturing systems as a transition strategy toward a circular economy. Using a systematic literature review complemented by empirical case studies across four distinct industrial sectors, this paper proposes a novel framework to guide the strategic and operational integration of remanufacturing processes. The scientific research on integrated remanufacturing systems comprises three domains: system boundaries and external influences, structural arrangements, and operational dynamics. The industrial case studies provide practical insights into the operationalization of these concepts, highlighting adaptability, resource efficiency, and economic benefits. The resulting framework emphasizes strategic planning, resource allocation, quality control, and the implementation of enabling technologies, fostering a holistic approach to integrating manufacturing and remanufacturing systems. The framework aims to show how to further academic research and offer starting points for implementation in companies.