Towards a Unified Framework for Scattering Models at Microwave and Optical Wavelengths: The Bispinorial Description of Polarization States

In literature, a variety of models, representations and formalisms exist that describe electromagnetic waves and their interaction with media. The choice of model often depends on the required properties of the electromagnetic wave, e.g. the degree of polarization or whether the modeled electromagnetic wave is described coherently (amplitude and phase) or incoherently (only amplitude). In this study, we propose a more unified theoretical framework that can represent all cases of coherent, non-coherent, fully polarized, partially polarized, and non-polarized electromagnetic waves. The novel framework also represents them in such a way that the principles of energy conservation and conservation of polarization states are already manifested in the equations.