The effect of connectivity on EEG rhythms, power spectral density and coherence among coupled neural populations: Analysis with a neural mass model

In the present work, a neural mass model consisting of four interconnected neural groups (pyramidal neurons, excitatory interneurons, inhibitory interneurons with slow synaptic kinetics, and inhibitory interneurons with fast synaptic kinetics) is used to investigate the mechanisms which cause the appearance of multiple rhythms in EEG spectra, and to assess how these rhythms can be affected by connectivity among different populations. In particular, we analyze a circuit, composed of three interconnected populations, each with a different synaptic kinetics (hence, with a different intrinsic rhythm). Results demonstrate that a single population can exhibit many different simultaneous rhythms, provided that some of these come from external sources (for instance, from remote regions). Analysis of coherence, and of the position of peaks in power spectral density, reveals important information on the possible connections among populations, especially useful to follow temporal changes in connectivity. Subsequently, the model is validated by comparing the power spectral density simulated in one population with that computed in the controlateral cingulated cortex (a region involved in motion preparation) during a right foot movement task in four normal subjects. The model is able to simulate real spectra quite well with only moderate parameter changes within the subject. In perspective, the results may be of value for a deeper comprehension of mechanism causing EEGs rhythms, for the study of brain connectivity and for the test of neurophysiological hypotheses.