The effect of artificial photoperiodicity and antiandrogen treatment on the antler growth and plasma levels of LH, FSH, testosterone, prolactin and alkaline phosphatase in the male white-tailed deer

1. 1. Artificial extension of day-length in adult male white-tailed deer during the autumn induced: (a) premature casting of antlers, early onset of the new antler growth and out of season mineralization, (b) early elevation of plasma levels of prolactin, LH, FSH, testosterone and alkaline phosphatase and (c) out of season hair molt. 2. 2. Intramuscular administration of the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate immediately after velvet shedding induced: (a) dramatic reduction of testosterone levels in plasma, (b) premature casting in bucks with fully mineralized antlers and (c) renewal of bone rebuilding activity in incompletely mineralized antlers which resulted in blockage of casting.