TY - JOUR
T1 - The dissipation, distribution and fate of a branched 14C-nonylphenol isomer in lake water/sediment systems
AU - Lalah, J. O.
AU - Schramm, K. W.
AU - Henkelmann, B.
AU - Lenoir, D.
AU - Behechti, A.
AU - Günther, K.
AU - Kettrup, A.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors wish to thank the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany for a Georg Forster Research Fellowship to J.O. Lalah.
PY - 2003/4/1
Y1 - 2003/4/1
N2 - A single tertiary isomer which is believed to be one of the major branched isomers of the isomeric nonylphenol was synthesized for use in investigations on its metabolism and estrogenicity in aquatic organisms. The physico-chemical properties of the isomer were determined to enable the prediction of its behaviour in aquatic environments. From laboratory investigations on its dissipation and distribution in lake water, which are reported in this paper, it was found that it had a half-life of dissipation of 38.1 days and 20.1 days in an open lake water and in an open lake water/sediment system, respectively, and to be rapidly partitioned in to sediment giving a high concentration factor of 1.76 after 28 days with an initial dose concentration of 2.52 ppm. The main dissipation route was found to occur through volatilization and co-distillation. The isomer was, however, found to be resistant to biodegradation in both the lake water and sediment, showing only a slight 9% loss (after 56 days) and 4.2% loss (after 28 days), of the 14C-residues in lake water and lake water/sediment systems, respectively, by microbial activity. Transformation to other more polar metabolites possibly by hydroxylation was also found to be minimal in both lake water and sediment samples after 14 days by HPLC analysis. After 7 days, only 2.25 and 7.4% transformation to a more polar metabolite was detected in lake water and sediment samples, respectively.
AB - A single tertiary isomer which is believed to be one of the major branched isomers of the isomeric nonylphenol was synthesized for use in investigations on its metabolism and estrogenicity in aquatic organisms. The physico-chemical properties of the isomer were determined to enable the prediction of its behaviour in aquatic environments. From laboratory investigations on its dissipation and distribution in lake water, which are reported in this paper, it was found that it had a half-life of dissipation of 38.1 days and 20.1 days in an open lake water and in an open lake water/sediment system, respectively, and to be rapidly partitioned in to sediment giving a high concentration factor of 1.76 after 28 days with an initial dose concentration of 2.52 ppm. The main dissipation route was found to occur through volatilization and co-distillation. The isomer was, however, found to be resistant to biodegradation in both the lake water and sediment, showing only a slight 9% loss (after 56 days) and 4.2% loss (after 28 days), of the 14C-residues in lake water and lake water/sediment systems, respectively, by microbial activity. Transformation to other more polar metabolites possibly by hydroxylation was also found to be minimal in both lake water and sediment samples after 14 days by HPLC analysis. After 7 days, only 2.25 and 7.4% transformation to a more polar metabolite was detected in lake water and sediment samples, respectively.
KW - Biodegradation
KW - Branched nonylphenol isomer
KW - Dissipation
KW - Lake water/sediment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0037396296&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00295-6
DO - 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00295-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 12531307
AN - SCOPUS:0037396296
SN - 0269-7491
VL - 122
SP - 195
EP - 203
JO - Environmental Pollution
JF - Environmental Pollution
IS - 2
ER -