Systematic review of pedestrian simulation models with a focus on emergency situations

The literature on pedestrian modeling and simulation models is surveyed, with an emphasis on emergency situations. The state of the art is organized and presented from this perspective. Strong points and gaps in the literature are identified. The parameters that are relevant in modeling pedestrian movement are organized in a new framework and analyzed. Specific properties and characteristics of modeling emergency situations are considered, and applications of available data collection options are surveyed. This work can support researchers and practitioners interested in conducting pedestrian modeling and simulation research and applications, both general and targeted to emergency situations.