Synthetic, pure-phase beta-tricalcium phosphate ceramic granules (Cerasorb^®) for bone regeneration in the reconstructive surgery of the jaws

The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of the ceramic β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) at different sites of alveolar reconstruction and to evaluate its properties. From 1997 to 2002, β-TCP was implanted as bone substitute in 152 patients using a standardized study protocol. Main indications were the filling of large mandibular cysts (n = 52), secondary and tertiary alveolar cleft grafting (n = 38), periodontal defects (n = 24) and maxillary sinus floor augmentation (n = 16). For defects exceeding 2 cm in diameter, β-TCP was combined with autologous bone taken from the retromolar area, the maxillary tuberosity or the chin region. A radiological, clinical and ultrasonographical examination was carried out 4, 12 and 52 weeks postoperative. In 16 cases, biopsies were taken after 12 months indicating complete bony regeneration. While wound-healing disturbances occurred in 9.2% of cases, partial loss of the bone substitute material was found in 5.9%, while total loss occurred in only 2%. Complete radiological replacement of β-TCP by autologous bone was found after approximately 12 months, indicating its osteoconductive properties. Because of its versatility, low complication rate and good long-term results, synthetic, pure-phase β-TCP is a suitable material for the filling of bone defects in the alveolar region.