@article{507a3c7ec394445baaa3d76a16bbd972,
title = "Surrounding greenness and birth weight: Results from the GINIplus and LISAplus birth cohorts in Munich",
abstract = "Aim: We investigated the association between surrounding greenness at the mother's residential address at the time of delivery and birth weight in two German birth cohorts and explored potential underlying hypotheses. Methods: Complete data on 3203 newborns, recruited in Munich between 1996 and 1999, were available. Surrounding greenness was defined using the mean of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, which was derived from Landsat 5. TM satellite images. Results: An interquartile increase of surrounding greenness in a 500-m buffer was associated with an average birth weight increase of 17.6g (95% CI=0.5 to 34.6). The effect strengthened after individual adjustment for NO2, PM2.5, distance to major road and population density. The strongest association was found for mothers with less than 10 years of school education. The results remained robust when additionally adjusted for noise or maternal stress during pregnancy. Neighbourhood green spaces were not associated with birth weight. Conclusions: Surrounding greenness at the birth address was positively associated with birth weight in two birth cohorts in Munich. The mechanisms driving this association remain unclear and warrant further investigation.",
keywords = "Birth weight, Green space, Greenness, NDVI, Pregnancy outcomes",
author = "Iana Markevych and Elaine Fuertes and Tiesler, {Carla M.T.} and Matthias Birk and Bauer, {Carl Peter} and Sibylle Koletzko and {von Berg}, Andrea and Dietrich Berdel and Joachim Heinrich",
note = "Funding Information: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7-2007-2011) under grant Agreement no. 211250. Funding Information: GINIplus study was mainly supported for the first 3 years of the Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology (interventional arm) and Helmholtz Zentrum Munich (former GSF) (observational arm). The 4 year, 6 year, and 10 year follow-up examinations of the GINIplus study were covered from the respective budgets of the five study centres (Helmholtz Zentrum Munich (former GSF), Research Institute at Marien-Hospital Wesel, LMU Munich, TU Munich and from 6 years onwards also from IUF – Leibniz Research-Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of D{\"u}sseldorf) and a grant from the Federal Ministry for Environment (IUF D{\"u}sseldorf, FKZ 20462296). Funding Information: LISAplus study was mainly supported by grants from the Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology and in addition from Helmholtz Zentrum Munich (former GSF), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Research Institute at Marien-Hospital Wesel, Pediatric Practice, Bad Honnef for the first 2 years. The 4 year, 6 year, and 10 year follow-up examinations of the LISAplus study were covered from the respective budgets of the involved partners (Helmholtz Zentrum Munich (former GSF), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Research Institute at Marien-Hospital Wesel, Pediatric Practice, Bad Honnef, IUF – Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of D{\"u}sseldorf) and in addition by a grant from the Federal Ministry for Environment (IUF D{\"u}sseldorf, FKZ 20462296). ",
year = "2014",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.12.001",
language = "English",
volume = "26",
pages = "39--46",
journal = "Health and Place",
issn = "1353-8292",
publisher = "Elsevier Ltd.",
}