Sub-keV Electron Recoil Calibration for Macroscopic Cryogenic Calorimeters Using a Novel X-ray Fluorescence Source

H. Abele; G. Angloher; B. Arnold; M. Atzori Corona; A. Bento; E. Bossio; J. Burkhart; F. Cappella; M. Cappelli; N. Casali; R. Cerulli; A. Cruciani; G. Del Castello; M. del Gallo Roccagiovine; S. Dorer; A. Erhart; M. Friedl; S. Fichtinger; V. M. Ghete; M. Giammei; C. Goupy; D. Hauff; F. Jeanneau; E. Jericha; M. Kaznacheeva; A. Kinast; H. Kluck; A. Langenkämper; T. Lasserre; D. Lhuillier; M. Mancuso; R. Martin; B. Mauri; A. Mazzolari; L. McCallin; H. Neyrial; C. Nones; L. Oberauer; T. Ortmann; L. Pattavina; L. Peters; F. Petricca; W. Potzel; F. Pröbst; F. Pucci; F. Reindl; M. Romagnoni; J. Rothe; N. Schermer; J. Schieck; S. Schönert; C. Schwertner; L. Scola; G. Soum-Sidikov; L. Stodolsky; R. Strauss; M. Tamisari; R. Thalmeier; C. Tomei; M. Vignati; M. Vivier; A. Wex; K. V. Mirbach; V. Wagner

doi:10.1007/s10909-025-03330-2

Sub-keV Electron Recoil Calibration for Macroscopic Cryogenic Calorimeters Using a Novel X-ray Fluorescence Source

H. Abele
, G. Angloher
, B. Arnold
, M. Atzori Corona
, A. Bento
, E. Bossio
, J. Burkhart
, F. Cappella
, M. Cappelli
, N. Casali
, R. Cerulli
, A. Cruciani
, G. Del Castello
, M. del Gallo Roccagiovine
, S. Dorer
, A. Erhart
, M. Friedl
, S. Fichtinger
, V. M. Ghete
, M. Giammei

C. Goupy, D. Hauff, F. Jeanneau, E. Jericha, M. Kaznacheeva, A. Kinast, H. Kluck, A. Langenkämper, T. Lasserre, D. Lhuillier, M. Mancuso, R. Martin, B. Mauri, A. Mazzolari, L. McCallin, H. Neyrial, C. Nones, L. Oberauer, T. Ortmann, L. Pattavina, L. Peters, F. Petricca, W. Potzel, F. Pröbst, F. Pucci, F. Reindl, M. Romagnoni, J. Rothe, N. Schermer, J. Schieck, S. Schönert, C. Schwertner, L. Scola, G. Soum-Sidikov, L. Stodolsky, R. Strauss, M. Tamisari, R. Thalmeier, C. Tomei, M. Vignati, M. Vivier, A. Wex, K. V. Mirbach, V. Wagner

Technische Universität Wien
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik
Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata
Coimbra University Pó lo II
University Paris-Sud
Sezione INFN di Roma La Sapienza
Universita La Sapienza
Technical University of Munich
University of Rome Tor Vergata
Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
Sezione INFN di Ferrara
Universit̀ Degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca
University of Ferrara

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

Percent-level calibration of cryogenic macro-calorimeters with energy thresholds below 100 eV is crucial for light Dark Matter (DM) searches and reactor neutrino studies based on coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS). This paper presents a novel calibration source based on X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of light elements. It uses a 55Fe source to irradiate a two-staged target arrangement, emitting characteristic emission lines from 677 eV to 6.5 keV. We demonstrate the potential of this new XRF source to calibrate a 0.75 g CaWO4 crystal of the NUCLEUS and CRAB experiments. Additionally, we introduce CryoLab, an advanced analysis tool for cryogenic detector data, featuring robust methods for data processing, calibration, and high-level analysis, implemented in MATLAB and HDF5. We also present a phenomenological model for energy resolution, which incorporates statistical contributions, systematic effects, and baseline noise, enabling a novel approach to evaluating athermal phonon collection efficiency in macro-calorimeters based on transition edge sensors (TES).

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	265-288
Number of pages	24
Journal	Journal of Low Temperature Physics
Volume	221
Issue number	1-6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-025-03330-2
State	Published - Dec 2025

Keywords

Calibration
Cryogenic
Transition edge sensor
X-ray

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10.1007/s10909-025-03330-2

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Abele, H., Angloher, G., Arnold, B., Atzori Corona, M., Bento, A., Bossio, E., Burkhart, J., Cappella, F., Cappelli, M., Casali, N., Cerulli, R., Cruciani, A., Del Castello, G., del Gallo Roccagiovine, M., Dorer, S., Erhart, A., Friedl, M., Fichtinger, S., Ghete, V. M., ... Wagner, V. (2025). Sub-keV Electron Recoil Calibration for Macroscopic Cryogenic Calorimeters Using a Novel X-ray Fluorescence Source. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, 221(1-6), 265-288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-025-03330-2

@article{b9fb2ab1af574659bcc669f8de8a96c9,

title = "Sub-keV Electron Recoil Calibration for Macroscopic Cryogenic Calorimeters Using a Novel X-ray Fluorescence Source",

abstract = "Percent-level calibration of cryogenic macro-calorimeters with energy thresholds below 100 eV is crucial for light Dark Matter (DM) searches and reactor neutrino studies based on coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS). This paper presents a novel calibration source based on X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of light elements. It uses a 55Fe source to irradiate a two-staged target arrangement, emitting characteristic emission lines from 677 eV to 6.5 keV. We demonstrate the potential of this new XRF source to calibrate a 0.75 g CaWO4 crystal of the NUCLEUS and CRAB experiments. Additionally, we introduce CryoLab, an advanced analysis tool for cryogenic detector data, featuring robust methods for data processing, calibration, and high-level analysis, implemented in MATLAB and HDF5. We also present a phenomenological model for energy resolution, which incorporates statistical contributions, systematic effects, and baseline noise, enabling a novel approach to evaluating athermal phonon collection efficiency in macro-calorimeters based on transition edge sensors (TES).",

keywords = "Calibration, Cryogenic, Transition edge sensor, X-ray",

author = "H. Abele and G. Angloher and B. Arnold and \{Atzori Corona\}, M. and A. Bento and E. Bossio and J. Burkhart and F. Cappella and M. Cappelli and N. Casali and R. Cerulli and A. Cruciani and \{Del Castello\}, G. and \{del Gallo Roccagiovine\}, M. and S. Dorer and A. Erhart and M. Friedl and S. Fichtinger and Ghete, \{V. M.\} and M. Giammei and C. Goupy and D. Hauff and F. Jeanneau and E. Jericha and M. Kaznacheeva and A. Kinast and H. Kluck and A. Langenk{\"a}mper and T. Lasserre and D. Lhuillier and M. Mancuso and R. Martin and B. Mauri and A. Mazzolari and L. McCallin and H. Neyrial and C. Nones and L. Oberauer and T. Ortmann and L. Pattavina and L. Peters and F. Petricca and W. Potzel and F. Pr{\"o}bst and F. Pucci and F. Reindl and M. Romagnoni and J. Rothe and N. Schermer and J. Schieck and S. Sch{\"o}nert and C. Schwertner and L. Scola and G. Soum-Sidikov and L. Stodolsky and R. Strauss and M. Tamisari and R. Thalmeier and C. Tomei and M. Vignati and M. Vivier and A. Wex and \{V. Mirbach\}, K. and V. Wagner",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2025.",

year = "2025",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1007/s10909-025-03330-2",

language = "English",

volume = "221",

pages = "265--288",

journal = "Journal of Low Temperature Physics",

issn = "0022-2291",

publisher = "Springer",

number = "1-6",

}

Abele, H, Angloher, G, Arnold, B, Atzori Corona, M, Bento, A, Bossio, E, Burkhart, J, Cappella, F, Cappelli, M, Casali, N, Cerulli, R, Cruciani, A, Del Castello, G, del Gallo Roccagiovine, M, Dorer, S, Erhart, A, Friedl, M, Fichtinger, S, Ghete, VM, Giammei, M, Goupy, C, Hauff, D, Jeanneau, F, Jericha, E, Kaznacheeva, M, Kinast, A, Kluck, H, Langenkämper, A, Lasserre, T, Lhuillier, D, Mancuso, M, Martin, R, Mauri, B, Mazzolari, A, McCallin, L, Neyrial, H, Nones, C, Oberauer, L, Ortmann, T, Pattavina, L, Peters, L, Petricca, F, Potzel, W, Pröbst, F, Pucci, F, Reindl, F, Romagnoni, M, Rothe, J, Schermer, N, Schieck, J, Schönert, S, Schwertner, C, Scola, L, Soum-Sidikov, G, Stodolsky, L, Strauss, R, Tamisari, M, Thalmeier, R, Tomei, C, Vignati, M, Vivier, M, Wex, A, V. Mirbach, K & Wagner, V 2025, 'Sub-keV Electron Recoil Calibration for Macroscopic Cryogenic Calorimeters Using a Novel X-ray Fluorescence Source', Journal of Low Temperature Physics, vol. 221, no. 1-6, pp. 265-288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-025-03330-2

TY - JOUR

T1 - Sub-keV Electron Recoil Calibration for Macroscopic Cryogenic Calorimeters Using a Novel X-ray Fluorescence Source

AU - Abele, H.

AU - Angloher, G.

AU - Arnold, B.

AU - Atzori Corona, M.

AU - Bento, A.

AU - Bossio, E.

AU - Burkhart, J.

AU - Cappella, F.

AU - Cappelli, M.

AU - Casali, N.

AU - Cerulli, R.

AU - Cruciani, A.

AU - Del Castello, G.

AU - del Gallo Roccagiovine, M.

AU - Dorer, S.

AU - Erhart, A.

AU - Friedl, M.

AU - Fichtinger, S.

AU - Ghete, V. M.

AU - Giammei, M.

AU - Goupy, C.

AU - Hauff, D.

AU - Jeanneau, F.

AU - Jericha, E.

AU - Kaznacheeva, M.

AU - Kinast, A.

AU - Kluck, H.

AU - Langenkämper, A.

AU - Lasserre, T.

AU - Lhuillier, D.

AU - Mancuso, M.

AU - Martin, R.

AU - Mauri, B.

AU - Mazzolari, A.

AU - McCallin, L.

AU - Neyrial, H.

AU - Nones, C.

AU - Oberauer, L.

AU - Ortmann, T.

AU - Pattavina, L.

AU - Peters, L.

AU - Petricca, F.

AU - Potzel, W.

AU - Pröbst, F.

AU - Pucci, F.

AU - Reindl, F.

AU - Romagnoni, M.

AU - Rothe, J.

AU - Schermer, N.

AU - Schieck, J.

AU - Schönert, S.

AU - Schwertner, C.

AU - Scola, L.

AU - Soum-Sidikov, G.

AU - Stodolsky, L.

AU - Strauss, R.

AU - Tamisari, M.

AU - Thalmeier, R.

AU - Tomei, C.

AU - Vignati, M.

AU - Vivier, M.

AU - Wex, A.

AU - V. Mirbach, K.

AU - Wagner, V.

PY - 2025/12

Y1 - 2025/12

N2 - Percent-level calibration of cryogenic macro-calorimeters with energy thresholds below 100 eV is crucial for light Dark Matter (DM) searches and reactor neutrino studies based on coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS). This paper presents a novel calibration source based on X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of light elements. It uses a 55Fe source to irradiate a two-staged target arrangement, emitting characteristic emission lines from 677 eV to 6.5 keV. We demonstrate the potential of this new XRF source to calibrate a 0.75 g CaWO4 crystal of the NUCLEUS and CRAB experiments. Additionally, we introduce CryoLab, an advanced analysis tool for cryogenic detector data, featuring robust methods for data processing, calibration, and high-level analysis, implemented in MATLAB and HDF5. We also present a phenomenological model for energy resolution, which incorporates statistical contributions, systematic effects, and baseline noise, enabling a novel approach to evaluating athermal phonon collection efficiency in macro-calorimeters based on transition edge sensors (TES).

AB - Percent-level calibration of cryogenic macro-calorimeters with energy thresholds below 100 eV is crucial for light Dark Matter (DM) searches and reactor neutrino studies based on coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS). This paper presents a novel calibration source based on X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of light elements. It uses a 55Fe source to irradiate a two-staged target arrangement, emitting characteristic emission lines from 677 eV to 6.5 keV. We demonstrate the potential of this new XRF source to calibrate a 0.75 g CaWO4 crystal of the NUCLEUS and CRAB experiments. Additionally, we introduce CryoLab, an advanced analysis tool for cryogenic detector data, featuring robust methods for data processing, calibration, and high-level analysis, implemented in MATLAB and HDF5. We also present a phenomenological model for energy resolution, which incorporates statistical contributions, systematic effects, and baseline noise, enabling a novel approach to evaluating athermal phonon collection efficiency in macro-calorimeters based on transition edge sensors (TES).

KW - Calibration

KW - Cryogenic

KW - Transition edge sensor

KW - X-ray

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105016006948

U2 - 10.1007/s10909-025-03330-2

DO - 10.1007/s10909-025-03330-2

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105016006948

SN - 0022-2291

VL - 221

SP - 265

EP - 288

JO - Journal of Low Temperature Physics

JF - Journal of Low Temperature Physics

IS - 1-6

ER -

Sub-keV Electron Recoil Calibration for Macroscopic Cryogenic Calorimeters Using a Novel X-ray Fluorescence Source

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Keywords

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