TY - JOUR
T1 - Spatial knowledge acquisition with virtual semantic landmarks in mixed reality-based indoor navigation
AU - Liu, Bing
AU - Ding, Linfang
AU - Meng, Liqiu
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Cartography and Geographic Information Society.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Landmarks are essential and widely used in human navigation. However, many indoor environments lack visually salient landmarks, which leads to difficulties in navigating in and learning complex and similar-looking indoor environments. In this study, we designed and implemented virtual semantic landmarks in Mixed Reality (MR)-based indoor environments and conducted a user study to explore whether such landmarks can assist spatial knowledge acquisition during navigation. More specifically, we employed the untethered, head-mounted mixed reality device Microsoft HoloLens and used iconic holograms to show the semantic landmarks. In the user study, we used sketch map, landmark locating tasks and interview to assess the results of the spatial knowledge acquisition and collect advice on improving the MR-based navigation interface. The results show that virtual semantic landmarks can assist the acquisition of corresponding knowledge, as such landmarks were labeled second most often in landmark locating task. In addition, individual cases show that head-mounted mixed reality devices may influence not only vision, but also height or time perception of certain users. Our result can be applied to facilitate the design of MR-based navigation interfaces and assist spatial knowledge acquisition.
AB - Landmarks are essential and widely used in human navigation. However, many indoor environments lack visually salient landmarks, which leads to difficulties in navigating in and learning complex and similar-looking indoor environments. In this study, we designed and implemented virtual semantic landmarks in Mixed Reality (MR)-based indoor environments and conducted a user study to explore whether such landmarks can assist spatial knowledge acquisition during navigation. More specifically, we employed the untethered, head-mounted mixed reality device Microsoft HoloLens and used iconic holograms to show the semantic landmarks. In the user study, we used sketch map, landmark locating tasks and interview to assess the results of the spatial knowledge acquisition and collect advice on improving the MR-based navigation interface. The results show that virtual semantic landmarks can assist the acquisition of corresponding knowledge, as such landmarks were labeled second most often in landmark locating task. In addition, individual cases show that head-mounted mixed reality devices may influence not only vision, but also height or time perception of certain users. Our result can be applied to facilitate the design of MR-based navigation interfaces and assist spatial knowledge acquisition.
KW - Mixed reality
KW - indoor navigation
KW - spatial knowledge acquisition
KW - user study
KW - virtual semantic landmark
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85104785951&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/15230406.2021.1908171
DO - 10.1080/15230406.2021.1908171
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85104785951
SN - 1523-0406
VL - 48
SP - 305
EP - 319
JO - Cartography and Geographic Information Science
JF - Cartography and Geographic Information Science
IS - 4
ER -