Sensitivity of the quorum sensing system is achieved by low pass filtering

Autoinducer sensing, also known as quorum sensing, is the communication of bacteria by autoinducer (small signaling molecules). Cells respond on extremely low concentrations of autoinducer: only one or two molecules per cell are sufficient. At this signal level a high degree of noise is inherent. We ask for the mechanism that is able to overcome the stochasticity of the signal. By means of a model and parameter fitting we show that the sensing module acts as a low pass filter, representing the biochemical equivalent of a moving average. It is shown that the system works most sensitive in the range of 0-50 nM autoinducer. Moreover, the time scale of the reaction depends on the signal strength in a crucial manner. Nonlinear feedback is able to further enhance the sensitivity. The biological implications of the low pass filter property are discussed.