Scaling trends in adiabatic logic

Adiabatic circuits which are able to dissipate less energy than the fundamental limit of static CMOS are promising candidates for low-power circuits in the frequency range in which signals are digitally processed. This paper shows the main sources of the energy dissipation in adiabatic circuits. It will be presented that with state-of-the-art transistors the distinction between quasi- and fully adiabatic circuits has become obsolete. With the shrinking of the transistor dimensions, new leakage mechanisms like gate leakage occur. As the adiabatic circuits work with an oscillating power supply, leakage currents flow only a part of the period. Without any further effort adiabatic circuits save about 30% of energy dissipation caused by leakage. As in static CMOS, adiabatic circuits benefit from voltage scaling. The Efficient Charge Recovery Logic scales linearly down to supply voltages near the threshold voltage. Simulations with a sinusoidal power supply showed no significant difference to a trapezoidal supply at most frequencies. For overall dissipation accounting also for generator efficiency and attenuation on the wiring, the sinusoidal supply voltage should be preferred.