Review of Design of Business Process Simulation Models

Business Process Simulation (BPS) serves as a critical tool for organizations to evaluate and optimize business process designs without incurring real-world risks or disruptions. It enables proactive assessment of the potential impacts of changes prior to implementation. In recent years, significant research has been conducted to enhance BPS across multiple perspectives; however, a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements and contributions in this domain remains limited. This systematic literature review examines 32 papers published between 2009 and 2025, focusing on advancements in building BPS models. It provides an overview of current research, covering key topics such as the main contributions of recent studies, the role of humans in BPS development, investigates how recent approaches support scenario generation, and provide key research directions and opportunities for advancing BPS model development. The findings indicate that recent research focuses on the design of BPS models from various perspectives, with automated techniques receiving the most attention, while limited efforts have been directed toward supporting scenario generation. These findings contribute valuable insights into existing methodologies, identify key research gaps, and provide guidance for advancing BPS model development.