Regulation der Nahrungszufuhr: Von der Theorie zu Praktischen Konsequenzen

The regulation of eating follows complex mechanisms and is influenced by several factors like composition of food, physico-chemical characteristics, eating habits and environmental factors. The composition of food in terms of macronutrients has a major impact on the regulation of eating by influencing the energy density of food, i.e. fat, or by the direct effect of the macronutrient protein on satiety, in comparison to carbohydrates or fat. Food containing a high level of fat per g weight will provide in a filled stomach more calories than fibre and water containing food. The positive association between high energy density, increased energy intake and overweight has been shown in many intervention studies with humans. The intake of food energy in liquid form is not regulated very effectively. Food with low energy density like vegetables or fruits should be prefered to food with high energy density like fat. Eating behaviour should be altered to conscious, planned and enjoyable eating. In addition physical activity as an expression of a better lifestyle can influence appetite control and the regulation of body weight.