TY - GEN
T1 - Real-time Operation of a Data Center as Virtual Power Plant Considering Battery Lifetime
AU - Tandukar, Prajina
AU - Bajracharya, Labi
AU - Hansen, Timothy M.
AU - Fourney, Robert
AU - Tamrakar, Ujjwol
AU - Tonkoski, Reinaldo
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 IEEE.
PY - 2018/8/23
Y1 - 2018/8/23
N2 - Data centers have significant capital investments in large underutilized energy resources in the form of backup generators and batteries. In this paper, we propose to use these energy resources in demand response (DR) by operating a data center as a virtual power plant (VPP). An optimization model is designed which schedules the energy resources on a day-ahead basis using forecasted values of both renewable energy sources and the data center load for participation of the data center in DR. This optimization model also incorporates realtime dispatch of units to handle variations during operation. An improved battery cost model is designed and implemented as a soft constraint in the VPP energy management system (EMS) model, ensuring that the batteries' use in DR does not affect their float life. A case study is conducted in which the data center is connected to bus 8 of the modified IEEE 30-bus system. The results show that real-time operation of a data center participating in DR significantly reduces the operational cost, especially during network congestion, without causing battery degradation.
AB - Data centers have significant capital investments in large underutilized energy resources in the form of backup generators and batteries. In this paper, we propose to use these energy resources in demand response (DR) by operating a data center as a virtual power plant (VPP). An optimization model is designed which schedules the energy resources on a day-ahead basis using forecasted values of both renewable energy sources and the data center load for participation of the data center in DR. This optimization model also incorporates realtime dispatch of units to handle variations during operation. An improved battery cost model is designed and implemented as a soft constraint in the VPP energy management system (EMS) model, ensuring that the batteries' use in DR does not affect their float life. A case study is conducted in which the data center is connected to bus 8 of the modified IEEE 30-bus system. The results show that real-time operation of a data center participating in DR significantly reduces the operational cost, especially during network congestion, without causing battery degradation.
KW - Battery degradation
KW - Demand response (DR)
KW - Energy management system (EMS)
KW - Virtual power plant (VPP)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85053817894&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/SPEEDAM.2018.8445345
DO - 10.1109/SPEEDAM.2018.8445345
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85053817894
SN - 9781538649411
T3 - SPEEDAM 2018 - Proceedings: International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion
SP - 81
EP - 86
BT - SPEEDAM 2018 - Proceedings
PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
T2 - 2018 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion, SPEEDAM 2018
Y2 - 20 June 2018 through 22 June 2018
ER -
