Quantifying Uncertainties in Reusing Lithium-Ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles

The economic viability of reusing lithium-ion batteries obtained from electric vehicles is highly sensitive to increasing inner resistance and capacity fading of lithium-ion cells. For decision making after removal of the batteries, it is necessary to consider the uncertainties in prediction of the remaining battery lifetime. The purpose of this article is to provide a way for lifetime prediction by quantifying and considering occurring uncertainties. According to literature, the major risks in lifetime prediction are non-linear change in capacity, increasing cell spreading and exceeding critical limits like deep discharge during battery life. Separate investigation of linear cell aging and these uncertainties, up to battery pack level, helps in identifying correlations between operation conditions and the according failure distribution.