Quantification of transmitted energy and power for system services by battery electric vehicles based on real mobility and charging profiles

This study aims to separately quantify the application potential of electric vehicles for providing negative and positive system services. The data basis is the mobility and charging profiles of real battery electric vehicles. The vehicles only provide system services in the unused connection time with the charging infrastructure. The mobility offer for vehicle users is therefore not restricted. In addition, the power limitation by the energy grid and the efficiency losses through infrastructure and energy conversion depending on the energy direction are considered. The results show that battery electric vehicles can provide system service to a significant extent, especially in the period from late evening to the early morning hours.