Prostate imaging

Over the past few years MR imaging of prostate cancer has become one of the key applications of multimodality imaging. Multiparametric MR imaging of the prostate complements sole morphological imaging with T2-weighted -spin-echo sequences by functional MR-imaging techniques, in terms of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) imaging. Molecular PET imaging is mainly based on the application of 11C and 18F labeled choline derivatives and, more recently, on PSMA ligands. Ever since the launch of commercially available integrated PET/MR scanners enabling the simultaneous acquisition of PET and MR data, numerous studies examining this new technique have been conducted and published. This chapter intends to give an overview on the present status of integrated PET/MRI in prostate cancer and defines potential future key applications in the field of PET/MR imaging in primary and recurrent prostate cancer.