@article{992a60be799b4f33a6aed6dff912e306,
title = "Private-collective innovation, competition, and firms' counterintuitive appropriation strategies",
abstract = "We extend theory on private-collective innovation by studying the role of exclusion rights for technology in the competition between private-collective and other innovators. We argue that private-collective innovators both pledge their own and invest in orphan exclusion rights for technology as a subtle coordination mechanism to compete against firms proposing alternative proprietary solutions. We discuss implications of our findings for theories of innovation, particularly appropriation strategy, ownership and control, and coordination and industry self-regulation.",
keywords = "Competition, Exclusion rights, Industry self-regulation, Interfirm coordination, Open source software, Private-collective innovation",
author = "Oliver Alexy and Markus Reitzig",
note = "Funding Information: The authors express their genuinely felt gratitude towards all those colleagues who helped refine this manuscript over the years. The authors are particularly indebted to Editor Stefan Kuhlmann, three anonymous reviewers, participants at the Wharton Technology Conference 2010, the Darden Strategy Conference 2010, the 9th International Workshop on Open and User Innovation 2011, as well as seminar audiences in Chapel Hill (UNC), Frankfurt (Frankfurt School of Finance and Management), London (London Business School, University College London), Rome (LUISS), and Zurich (ETH). In addition, Oliver Alexy would like to thank Joachim Henkel and Karim Lakhani for their individual feedback, and he acknowledges the support of both the U.K. Innovation Research Centre (RES/G028591/1) (sponsored by the Economic and Social Research Council ; the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts ; the U.K. Department for Business, Innovation and Skills; and the Technology Strategy Board ) and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (GR/R95371/01). ",
year = "2013",
month = may,
doi = "10.1016/j.respol.2013.01.004",
language = "English",
volume = "42",
pages = "895--913",
journal = "Research Policy",
issn = "0048-7333",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
number = "4",
}