Physical exercise in dyslipoproteinemias: An update

Epidemiological as well as interventional studies have proven a significant link between the lipoprotein profile and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. As physical activity is accepted as an important factor in improving physical fitness and lipoprotein metabolism, there is evidence that physically active men have a lower cardiovascular risk as a benefit of their higher metabolic fitness. Physical activity and physical fitness are generally linked to higher physical fitness and lower LDL cholesterol as well as lower triglycerides accompanied by a favorable body composition. Both in healthy men as well as in patients, the impact of fitness and training is often more impressive when lipoprotein subclasses, particularly HDL2 and LDL6 cholesterol levels, are taken into account. These observations indicate that the preventive and therapeutic use of physical activity is of particular significance in populations with dyslipoproteinemia and reduced daily activities. Furthermore, to optimize the therapeutic benefit of physical activity and lifestyle programs, increased attention should be paid to characterizing and motivating subgroups that will particularly profit by exercise intervention and lifestyle changes.