TY - JOUR
T1 - PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in fish species from Lake Victoria, East Africa
AU - Ssebugere, Patrick
AU - Kiremire, Bernard T.
AU - Henkelmann, Bernhard
AU - Bernhöft, Silke
AU - Kasozi, Gabriel N.
AU - Wasswa, John
AU - Schramm, Karl Werner
N1 - Funding Information:
The research was supported by the Germany Academic Exchange Service (Scholarship Number: A/10/02727) and the German Research Center for Environmental Health. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Godfrey Magezi, Steven Mulinda and John Kasozi in the sampling, and Norbert Fischer in the Laboratory work.
PY - 2013/7
Y1 - 2013/7
N2 - Two commercially important fish species, Nile perch (Lates niloticus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) belonging to different trophic levels were collected from the Napoleon Gulf and Thurston Bay in Lake Victoria. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) were extracted from the fish muscles and livers using the 13C isotope dilution method, followed by multiple column chromatography clean-up. Analysis was achieved by a high resolution gas chromatography coupled with a high resolution mass spectrometer. The concentrations of analytes ranged from 0.07 to 0.59pgg-1 fresh weight (fw) and 0.3-19.0pgg-1 in L. niloticus and 0.06-0.18 and 0.2-15.7pgg-1 in O. niloticus, for ∑PCDD/Fs and ∑dl-PCBs, respectively. Differences in congener concentrations were observed between the two fish species and study sites, and this was attributed to differences in feeding habits and trophic levels. World Health Organization-toxic equivalents (WHO-TEQs) were in the range 0.01-0.16pgTEQg-1 for the PCDD/Fs and 0.001-0.74pgTEQg-1 for the dl-PCBs. The TEQ values in the present study were lower compared to those of most fish samples reported in literature and were within permissible levels recommended by the European Union, implying that the fish was fit for human consumption.
AB - Two commercially important fish species, Nile perch (Lates niloticus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) belonging to different trophic levels were collected from the Napoleon Gulf and Thurston Bay in Lake Victoria. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) were extracted from the fish muscles and livers using the 13C isotope dilution method, followed by multiple column chromatography clean-up. Analysis was achieved by a high resolution gas chromatography coupled with a high resolution mass spectrometer. The concentrations of analytes ranged from 0.07 to 0.59pgg-1 fresh weight (fw) and 0.3-19.0pgg-1 in L. niloticus and 0.06-0.18 and 0.2-15.7pgg-1 in O. niloticus, for ∑PCDD/Fs and ∑dl-PCBs, respectively. Differences in congener concentrations were observed between the two fish species and study sites, and this was attributed to differences in feeding habits and trophic levels. World Health Organization-toxic equivalents (WHO-TEQs) were in the range 0.01-0.16pgTEQg-1 for the PCDD/Fs and 0.001-0.74pgTEQg-1 for the dl-PCBs. The TEQ values in the present study were lower compared to those of most fish samples reported in literature and were within permissible levels recommended by the European Union, implying that the fish was fit for human consumption.
KW - Dl-PCBs
KW - Lake Victoria
KW - Lates niloticus
KW - Oreochromis niloticus
KW - PCDD/Fs
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84877691195&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.033
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.033
M3 - Article
C2 - 23648330
AN - SCOPUS:84877691195
SN - 0045-6535
VL - 92
SP - 317
EP - 321
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
IS - 3
ER -
