Outstanding plasmodicidal properties within a small panel of metallic compounds: Hints for the development of new metal-based antimalarials

A variegate group of metallodrugs was evaluated in vitro for antimalarial activity through the pLDH test. The panel comprised one mononuclear gold(III) complex, (Aubipy), three dinuclear gold(III) compounds (Auoxo4, Auoxo5 and Auoxo6), three ruthenium(III) complexes (NAMI A, PMRU20, PMRU27), one ruthenium(II) complex (PMRU52), one bismuth(III) compound (Bismuth citrate), antimony trichloride (SbCl₃) and arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃). This panel, although relatively small, was built up in such a way to include a variety of metal centers, structural motifs and metal coordination environments. In general, the tested compounds turned out to contrast effectively Plasmodium falciparum growth in vitro. In two cases, i.e. NAMI A and antimony trichloride, IC₅₀ values in the high nanomolar range were measured. Notably, the antiplasmodial effects appear not to be correlated to in vitro anticancer properties. The mechanistic and pharmacological implications of the obtained results are discussed.