Opportunities and challenges of translating direct single impact electrochemistry to high-throughput sensing applications

In this review, we address the opportunities and challenges of single impact electrochemistry as a detection framework applicable beyond the research laboratory. Focusing on the direct detection of nanoparticles, we discuss several aspects essential to the transfer of this technique into applications for ultralow concentration sensing. We cover particle size–dependent sensor performance and engineering approaches for improving mass transfer via microfluidics. Furthermore, we address interfering phenomena such as aggregation, adsorption, and the effect of electrolyte composition.