On-line handwritten formula recognition using hidden Markov models and context dependent graph grammars

Andreas Kosmala; Gerhard Rigoll; Stéphane Lavirotte; Loïc Pottier

doi:10.1109/ICDAR.1999.791736

On-line handwritten formula recognition using hidden Markov models and context dependent graph grammars

Andreas Kosmala
, Gerhard Rigoll
, Stéphane Lavirotte
, Loïc Pottier

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

38 Scopus citations

Abstract

This paper presents an approach for the recognition of on-line handwritten mathematical expressions. The hidden Markov model (HMM) based system makes use of simultaneous segmentation and recognition capabilities, avoiding a crucial segmentation during pre-processing. With the segmentation and recognition results, obtained from the HMM recognizer it is possible to analyze and interpret the spatial two-dimensional arrangement of the symbols. We use a graph grammar approach for the structure recognition, also used in off-line recognition process, resulting in a general tree-structure of the underlying input-expression. The resulting constructed tree can be translated to any desired syntax (for example: Lisp, KT_EX, and OpenMath).

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR 1999
Publisher	IEEE Computer Society
Pages	107-110
Number of pages	4
ISBN (Electronic)	0769503187
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDAR.1999.791736
State	Published - 1999
Externally published	Yes
Event	5th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR 1999 - Bangalore, India Duration: 20 Sep 1999 → 22 Sep 1999

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR
ISSN (Print)	1520-5363

Conference

Conference	5th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR 1999
Country/Territory	India
City	Bangalore
Period	20/09/99 → 22/09/99

Access to Document

10.1109/ICDAR.1999.791736

Cite this

Kosmala, A., Rigoll, G., Lavirotte, S., & Pottier, L. (1999). On-line handwritten formula recognition using hidden Markov models and context dependent graph grammars. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR 1999 (pp. 107-110). Article 791736 (Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR). IEEE Computer Society. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDAR.1999.791736

Kosmala, Andreas ; Rigoll, Gerhard ; Lavirotte, Stéphane et al. / On-line handwritten formula recognition using hidden Markov models and context dependent graph grammars. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR 1999. IEEE Computer Society, 1999. pp. 107-110 (Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR).

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title = "On-line handwritten formula recognition using hidden Markov models and context dependent graph grammars",

abstract = "This paper presents an approach for the recognition of on-line handwritten mathematical expressions. The hidden Markov model (HMM) based system makes use of simultaneous segmentation and recognition capabilities, avoiding a crucial segmentation during pre-processing. With the segmentation and recognition results, obtained from the HMM recognizer it is possible to analyze and interpret the spatial two-dimensional arrangement of the symbols. We use a graph grammar approach for the structure recognition, also used in off-line recognition process, resulting in a general tree-structure of the underlying input-expression. The resulting constructed tree can be translated to any desired syntax (for example: Lisp, KTEX, and OpenMath).",

author = "Andreas Kosmala and Gerhard Rigoll and St{\'e}phane Lavirotte and Lo{\"i}c Pottier",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 1999 IEEE.; 5th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR 1999 ; Conference date: 20-09-1999 Through 22-09-1999",

year = "1999",

doi = "10.1109/ICDAR.1999.791736",

language = "English",

series = "Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR",

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Kosmala, A, Rigoll, G, Lavirotte, S & Pottier, L 1999, On-line handwritten formula recognition using hidden Markov models and context dependent graph grammars. in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR 1999., 791736, Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 107-110, 5th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR 1999, Bangalore, India, 20/09/99. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDAR.1999.791736

On-line handwritten formula recognition using hidden Markov models and context dependent graph grammars. / Kosmala, Andreas; Rigoll, Gerhard; Lavirotte, Stéphane et al.
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR 1999. IEEE Computer Society, 1999. p. 107-110 791736 (Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - On-line handwritten formula recognition using hidden Markov models and context dependent graph grammars

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PY - 1999

Y1 - 1999

N2 - This paper presents an approach for the recognition of on-line handwritten mathematical expressions. The hidden Markov model (HMM) based system makes use of simultaneous segmentation and recognition capabilities, avoiding a crucial segmentation during pre-processing. With the segmentation and recognition results, obtained from the HMM recognizer it is possible to analyze and interpret the spatial two-dimensional arrangement of the symbols. We use a graph grammar approach for the structure recognition, also used in off-line recognition process, resulting in a general tree-structure of the underlying input-expression. The resulting constructed tree can be translated to any desired syntax (for example: Lisp, KTEX, and OpenMath).

AB - This paper presents an approach for the recognition of on-line handwritten mathematical expressions. The hidden Markov model (HMM) based system makes use of simultaneous segmentation and recognition capabilities, avoiding a crucial segmentation during pre-processing. With the segmentation and recognition results, obtained from the HMM recognizer it is possible to analyze and interpret the spatial two-dimensional arrangement of the symbols. We use a graph grammar approach for the structure recognition, also used in off-line recognition process, resulting in a general tree-structure of the underlying input-expression. The resulting constructed tree can be translated to any desired syntax (for example: Lisp, KTEX, and OpenMath).

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84937481220

U2 - 10.1109/ICDAR.1999.791736

DO - 10.1109/ICDAR.1999.791736

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:84937481220

T3 - Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR

SP - 107

EP - 110

BT - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR 1999

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Kosmala A, Rigoll G, Lavirotte S, Pottier L. On-line handwritten formula recognition using hidden Markov models and context dependent graph grammars. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR 1999. IEEE Computer Society. 1999. p. 107-110. 791736. (Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR). doi: 10.1109/ICDAR.1999.791736

On-line handwritten formula recognition using hidden Markov models and context dependent graph grammars

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