Nuclear effects in deep inelastic lepton scattering

We discuss nuclear effects in deep inelastic lepton scattering. At small values of the Bjorken variable x < 0.1 shadowing effects are due to the coherent interaction of hadronic Fock components of the exchanged, virtual photon. It turns out that in the kinematic regime of current experiments the contribution of the vector mesons are of major importance. At moderate and large x > 0.2 nuclear effects are caused by binding and Fermi motion, but also by off-shell modifications of bound nucleon structure functions.