Multi-institutional re-evaluation of prognostic factors in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: proposal of a novel two-tiered grading scheme

Riuko Ohashi, Guido Martignoni, Arndt Hartmann, Anna Caliò, Diego Segala, Christine Stöhr, Sven Wach, Franziska Erlmeier, Wilko Weichert, Michael Autenrieth, Peter Schraml, Niels J. Rupp, Chisato Ohe, Yoshiro Otsuki, Takashi Kawasaki, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Kazuhiro Kobayashi, Tatsuhiko Miyazaki, Hiroyuki Shibuya, Hiroyuki UsudaHajime Umezu, Fumiyoshi Fujishima, Bungo Furusato, Mitsumasa Osakabe, Tamotsu Sugai, Naoto Kuroda, Toyonori Tsuzuki, Yoji Nagashima, Yoichi Ajioka, Holger Moch

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

47 Scopus citations

Abstract

A histological grading system of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) is highly desirable to identify approximately 5–10% of tumors at risk for progression. Validation studies failed to demonstrate a correlation between the four-tiered WHO/ISUP grade and outcome. Previous proposals with three-tiered chromophobe grading systems could not be validated. In this study, the presence of sarcomatoid differentiation, necrosis, and mitosis was analyzed in a Swiss cohort (n = 42), an Italian cohort (n = 103), a German cohort (n = 54), a Japanese cohort (n = 119), and The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort (n = 64). All 3 histological parameters were significantly associated with shorter time to tumor progression and overall survival in univariate analysis. Interobserver variability for identification of these parameters was measured by Krippendorff’s alpha coefficient and showed high concordance for the identification of sarcomatoid differentiation and tumor necrosis, but only low to medium concordance for the identification of mitosis. Therefore, we tested a two-tiered tumor grading system (low versus high grade) based only on the presence of sarcomatoid differentiation and/or necrosis finding in the combined cohorts (n = 382). pT stage, patient’s age (> 65 vs ≤ 65), lymph node and/or distant metastasis, and the two-tiered grading system (low versus high grade) were significantly associated with overall survival and were independent prognostic parameters in multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazard). This multi-institutional evaluation of prognostic parameters suggests tumor necrosis and sarcomatoid differentiation as reproducible components of a two-tiered chromophobe tumor grading system.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)409-418
Number of pages10
JournalVirchows Archiv
Volume476
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Mar 2020

Keywords

  • Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma
  • Kidney
  • Mitosis
  • Necrosis
  • Prognosis
  • Sarcomatoid differentiation
  • The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)
  • Tumor grade

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