TY - GEN
T1 - Modeling the Orientation of Take-Over Trajectories Using Mixed Linear Effects Models
AU - Fleischer, Martin
AU - Elbauer, Johannes
AU - Bengler, Klaus
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - As automation of driving emerges, the driver becomes a passenger. If an automation reaches its system limits, the driver is obliged to retake the control over the vehicle. Grabbing the steering wheel is essential to assume lateral control, however non-driving related activities enabled by the automation may interfere with this process. This paper showcases the method modeling the orientation of hand trajectories while grabbing four different handles. In a study presented in [1] the hand trajectories of 48 participants grabbing four different handles were recorded and modelled using a mixed linear effects approach. The present paper extends this research by modeling the orientation of these trajectories. As the grasping trajectories appear to lie on a two-dimensional plane, the angle between the trajectory plane and a reference plane was modeled in a mixed linear effects model with “lme4” [2] and “afex” [3]. The maximal deviation from the plane is 10.7 mm with a mean of 2.3 mm (SD = 1.3 mm). The data shows the small influence of individual (gender, age, dominant hand, body height) and the high influence of environmental (position and type of the grasping handles) factors.
AB - As automation of driving emerges, the driver becomes a passenger. If an automation reaches its system limits, the driver is obliged to retake the control over the vehicle. Grabbing the steering wheel is essential to assume lateral control, however non-driving related activities enabled by the automation may interfere with this process. This paper showcases the method modeling the orientation of hand trajectories while grabbing four different handles. In a study presented in [1] the hand trajectories of 48 participants grabbing four different handles were recorded and modelled using a mixed linear effects approach. The present paper extends this research by modeling the orientation of these trajectories. As the grasping trajectories appear to lie on a two-dimensional plane, the angle between the trajectory plane and a reference plane was modeled in a mixed linear effects model with “lme4” [2] and “afex” [3]. The maximal deviation from the plane is 10.7 mm with a mean of 2.3 mm (SD = 1.3 mm). The data shows the small influence of individual (gender, age, dominant hand, body height) and the high influence of environmental (position and type of the grasping handles) factors.
KW - Automated driving
KW - Digital human modeling
KW - Mixed linear effects models
KW - Take-over
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85111117370&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/978-3-030-74608-7_77
DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-74608-7_77
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85111117370
SN - 9783030746070
T3 - Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems
SP - 633
EP - 638
BT - Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, IEA 2021 - Sector Based Ergonomics
A2 - Black, Nancy L.
A2 - Neumann, W. Patrick
A2 - Noy, Ian
PB - Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
T2 - 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, IEA 2021
Y2 - 13 June 2021 through 18 June 2021
ER -