@inproceedings{5952f0970bd8412cbf34a91280d0bfa9,
title = "Minimization of leaching of shotcrete by admixtures",
abstract = "In tunnels built according to the New Austrian Tunnelling Method the shotcrete shell is often in contact with ground-water. Depending on the amount and type of water, chemical compounds in the shotcrete are dissolved and transported into the drainage pipes and the main outfall. Due to precipitation of the dissolved compounds the maintainance of the drainage systems is very expensive. Furthermore, .the main outfall is loaded with water of a high pH-value. It was found that as well as Ca(OH)2, the alkalies in the shotcrete are responsible for the degree of leaching. Therefore the accelerators needed for such shotcretes, which mostly are based on alkalies, have to be reduced as much as possible. This can be done sufficiently if silica fume is used in connection with slag cement to make the shotcrete sticky enough, so that it adheres to the rocks.",
keywords = "Accelerating agents, Admixtures, Alkalies, Drains, Fly ash, Leaching, Moisture, Shotcrete, Silica fume, Slag cements, Tunnels",
author = "R. Breitenb{\"u}cher and R. Springenschmid and Domer, {H. W.}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 1992 American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved.; 4th International Symposium on Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete ; Conference date: 03-03-1992 Through 08-03-1992",
year = "1992",
month = may,
day = "1",
language = "English",
series = "American Concrete Institute, ACI Special Publication",
publisher = "American Concrete Institute",
pages = "781--793",
editor = "V.M. Malhotra",
booktitle = "Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete - Proceedings Fourth International",
}