Mastozytose - Ursache anaphylaktoider reaktionen

In recent years there has been an increasing number of reports about anaphylactoid reactions in patients with mastocytosis. In the differential diagnosis of anaphylaxis mastocytosis has to be excluded. The knowledge of physicians, also allergologists, about this disease, however, is insufficient. Mastocytosis is an uncommon disease, which is clinically characterized by urticaria pigmentosa (maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis) as well as recurrent anaphylactoid-type reactions. The prognosis of the disease is mostly favorable. In addition to anaphylactoid reactions, associated hematologic diseases and aggressive forms of disease represent further complications. When making the diagnosis, history and inspection of the total skin as well as determination of serum tryptase are most important. If a systemic mastocytosis is suspected, which involves the bone marrow in the majority of adults, a bone marrow biopsy is required. In addition to symptomatic therapy, patients with mastocytosis should be informed about possible trigger factors of anaphylactoid reactions. In patients with Hymenoptera venom allergy, hyposensitization is the most important treatment modality also in patients with mastocytosis.