Localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy: Visualization of spatial distributions of the key parameters describing solid/liquid interfaces

Acquisition of localized electrochemical impedance spectra as a function of spatial coordinates combined with novel approaches of data analysis brings a key for visualization of two-dimensional distributions of important parameters describing solid/liquid interfaces. They include the capacitance of the electric double layer, the resistance of the interfacial charge transfer, capacitances of adsorption, or other parameters depending on the properties of the system. Additionally, the proposed approach eliminates many common methodological problems of localized electrochemical impedance microscopies related to the frequency dependence of the actual pictures and difficulties with raw data interpretation. Thus, it offers a unique insight into the localized processes at the interface which is not possible to achieve using classical techniques.