@article{47c1060228a846d7b596e661951e9bd1,
title = "Live imaging of astrocyte responses to acute injury reveals selective juxtavascular proliferation",
abstract = "Astrocytes are thought to have important roles after brain injury, but their behavior has largely been inferred from postmortem analysis. To examine the mechanisms that recruit astrocytes to sites of injury, we used in vivo two-photon laser-scanning microscopy to follow the response of GFP-labeled astrocytes in the adult mouse cerebral cortex over several weeks after acute injury. Live imaging revealed a marked heterogeneity in the reaction of individual astrocytes, with one subset retaining their initial morphology, another directing their processes toward the lesion, and a distinct subset located at juxtavascular sites proliferating. Although no astrocytes actively migrated toward the injury site, selective proliferation of juxtavascular astrocytes was observed after the introduction of a lesion and was still the case, even though the extent was reduced, after astrocyte-specific deletion of the RhoGTPase Cdc42. Thus, astrocyte recruitment after injury relies solely on proliferation in a specific niche.",
author = "Sophia Bardehle and Martin Kr{\"u}ger and Felix Buggenthin and Julia Schwausch and Jovica Ninkovic and Hans Clevers and Snippert, {Hugo J.} and Theis, {Fabian J.} and Melanie Meyer-Luehmann and Ingo Bechmann and Leda Dimou and Magdalena G{\"o}tz",
note = "Funding Information: We are indebted to C. Brakebusch for the Cdc42loxP/loxP mice, S. Robel for initial help in setting up the two-photon live-imaging procedure, and C. Straube and S. Falkner for sharing their imaging expertise. We would also like to thank R. Waberer, C. Meyer, D. Franzen, I. M{\"u}hlhahn and G. J{\"a}ger for technical assistance, and M. H{\"u}bener, D.E. Bergles, J. McCarter and P. Hardy for critical comments on the manuscript. We thank the DFG (German Research foundation) whose support (particularly via the Leibniz Prize and SFB 870) allowed us to invest into this new experimental area and for funding M.G. and F.J.T. by SPP1356 and I.B. by DFG-FOR 1336. In addition, this work was supported by the BMBF (Ministry of Science and Education) to M.G. and F.J.T., the Helmholtz Association (Helmholtz Alliance ICEMED to M.G., I.B. and F.J.T.; Helmholtz Alliance on Systems Biology to M.G. and F.J.T.), the Emmy Noether Program of the DFG (ME 3542/1-1 to M.M.-L.), the European Research Council (starting grant {\textquoteleft}LatentCauses{\textquoteright} to F.J.T.) and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology. The Initial Training Network Edu-GLIA (PITN-GA-2009-237956) funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Program (FP7) provided a wonderful discussion platform for glial research.",
year = "2013",
month = may,
doi = "10.1038/nn.3371",
language = "English",
volume = "16",
pages = "580--586",
journal = "Nature Neuroscience",
issn = "1097-6256",
publisher = "Nature Research",
number = "5",
}