TY - JOUR
T1 - LINE-1 cfDNA Methylation as an Emerging Biomarker in Solid Cancers
AU - Gezer, Ugur
AU - Özgür, Emre
AU - Yörüker, Ebru E.
AU - Polatoglou, Eleni
AU - Holdenrieder, Stefan
AU - Bronkhorst, Abel
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 by the authors.
PY - 2024/11
Y1 - 2024/11
N2 - Epigenetic dysregulation is a hallmark of many human malignancies, with DNA methylation being a primary mechanism influencing gene expression and maintaining genomic stability. Genome-wide hypomethylation, characteristic of many cancers, is partly attributed to the demethylation of repetitive elements, including LINE-1, a prevalent non-LTR retrotransposon. The methylation status of LINE-1 is closely associated with overall genomic methylation levels in tumors. cfDNA comprises extracellular DNA fragments found in bodily fluids such as plasma, serum, and urine, offering a dynamic snapshot of the genetic and epigenetic landscape of tumors. This real-time sampling provides a minimally invasive avenue for cancer diagnostics, prognostics, and monitoring. The methylation status of LINE-1 in cfDNA has emerged as a promising biomarker, with several studies highlighting its potential in diagnosing and predicting outcomes in cancer patients. Recent research also suggests that cfDNA-based LINE-1 methylation analysis could serve as a valuable tool in evaluating the efficacy of cancer therapies, including immunotherapy. The growing clinical significance of cfDNA calls for a closer examination of its components, particularly repetitive elements like LINE-1. Despite their importance, the role of LINE-1 elements in cfDNA has not been thoroughly gauged. We aim to address this gap by reviewing the current literature on LINE-1 cfDNA assays, focusing on their potential applications in diagnostics and disease monitoring.
AB - Epigenetic dysregulation is a hallmark of many human malignancies, with DNA methylation being a primary mechanism influencing gene expression and maintaining genomic stability. Genome-wide hypomethylation, characteristic of many cancers, is partly attributed to the demethylation of repetitive elements, including LINE-1, a prevalent non-LTR retrotransposon. The methylation status of LINE-1 is closely associated with overall genomic methylation levels in tumors. cfDNA comprises extracellular DNA fragments found in bodily fluids such as plasma, serum, and urine, offering a dynamic snapshot of the genetic and epigenetic landscape of tumors. This real-time sampling provides a minimally invasive avenue for cancer diagnostics, prognostics, and monitoring. The methylation status of LINE-1 in cfDNA has emerged as a promising biomarker, with several studies highlighting its potential in diagnosing and predicting outcomes in cancer patients. Recent research also suggests that cfDNA-based LINE-1 methylation analysis could serve as a valuable tool in evaluating the efficacy of cancer therapies, including immunotherapy. The growing clinical significance of cfDNA calls for a closer examination of its components, particularly repetitive elements like LINE-1. Despite their importance, the role of LINE-1 elements in cfDNA has not been thoroughly gauged. We aim to address this gap by reviewing the current literature on LINE-1 cfDNA assays, focusing on their potential applications in diagnostics and disease monitoring.
KW - biomarkers
KW - cfDNA
KW - clinical oncology
KW - ctDNA
KW - liquid biopsy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85210713042&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/cancers16223725
DO - 10.3390/cancers16223725
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85210713042
SN - 2072-6694
VL - 16
JO - Cancers
JF - Cancers
IS - 22
M1 - 3725
ER -