Interdisziplinäre Empfehlungen zur Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen Nierenzellkarzinoms *

Due to novel therapies, the prognosis of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has improved. A median overall survival of more than two years is a realistic goal. Immunotherapy combinations with checkpoint inhibitors or checkpoint inhibitors and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor axitinib are new first-line options. Sunitinib, pazopanib, tivozanib and the combination of bevacizumab+interferon alpha are approved for first-line therapy regardless of the progression risk score. The use of both the combination of nivolumab+ipilimumab and cabozantinib is restricted to intermediate and high-risk patients. In this subgroup, the immunotherapy combination was more effective in terms of overall survival compared with sunitinib. Temsirolimus is only approved for high-risk patients. Sunitinib and pazopanib can also be applied as second-line options-for pazopanib the use is restricted to the event of cytokine failure. Nivolumab and cabozantinib demonstrated superior overall survival compared with everolimus. Furthermore, the combination of lenvatinib+everolimus and axitinib are approved treatment options in the second-line and further settings. Everolimus has been replaced in the second-line setting by these new options. The question regarding the optimal sequence is still unanswered. The purpose of an interdisciplinary expert meeting was to debate which criteria should influence treatment. The members discussed several aspects of treating patients with advanced or metastatic RCC. As in previous years, the experts intended to provide recommendations for clinical practice. The results are presented in this publication.