Heat, mass, and momentum transfer about arbitrary groups of particles

The flow over groups of particles with heat and mass transfer has been numerically simulated at intermediate Reynolds numbers, and the flow characteristics have been studied and documented. The method of approach consisted of using a new overset mesh technique and a numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. Group behavior has been observed for all the particle configurations studied, and significant changes in drag and heat transfer have been documented for particles within a group. The influence of surface mass transfer has been analyzed with the changes in skin friction and heat transfer, as in single particle flows. The methods used in this paper are new to particle dynamics, and they can be extended to arbitrary-shaped particles in arbitrary configurations. The methods developed in this paper can be extended to reacting spray flows to offer detailed knowledge in the near future.