TY - JOUR
T1 - Go Ahead, Please!—Evaluation of External Human—Machine Interfaces in a Real-World Crossing Scenario
AU - Loew, Alexandra
AU - Graefe, Julia
AU - Heil, Lukas
AU - Guthardt, Anne
AU - Boos, Annika
AU - Dietrich, André
AU - Bengler, Klaus
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Loew, Graefe, Heil, Guthardt, Boos, Dietrich and Bengler.
PY - 2022/6/14
Y1 - 2022/6/14
N2 - In the future, automated vehicles (AVs) without a human driver will potentially have to manage communication with vulnerable road users, such as pedestrians, in everyday traffic interaction situations. The aim of this work is to investigate pedestrian reactions to external communication concepts in a controlled, but real-world crossing scenario. The focus is to investigate which properties of external human–machine interfaces (eHMIs) promote the comprehensibility of vehicle intention (yielding for the pedestrian) and therefore lead to faster and, at the same time, safer crossing decisions of pedestrians. For this purpose, three different eHMI concepts (intention-based light-band, perception-based light-band, and the combination of light-band and signal lamp) were examined and compared to a baseline (no eHMI). In a Wizard-of-Oz experiment, participants (n = 30) encountered a test vehicle equipped with the eHMIs in a real-world crossing scenario. The crossing initiation time in seconds and the participant's intention recognition were measured. Furthermore, the influence of the eHMIs on acceptance and perceived safety was evaluated. It was shown that the presence of the intention-based light-band, and the combination of light-band and signal lamp led to an earlier crossing decision compared to baseline with no eHMI. In summary, the results indicate that the intention-based light-band has a positive effect on the comprehensibility of the vehicle's intention. All concepts were evaluated positively regarding acceptance and perceived safety, and did not differ significantly from each other.
AB - In the future, automated vehicles (AVs) without a human driver will potentially have to manage communication with vulnerable road users, such as pedestrians, in everyday traffic interaction situations. The aim of this work is to investigate pedestrian reactions to external communication concepts in a controlled, but real-world crossing scenario. The focus is to investigate which properties of external human–machine interfaces (eHMIs) promote the comprehensibility of vehicle intention (yielding for the pedestrian) and therefore lead to faster and, at the same time, safer crossing decisions of pedestrians. For this purpose, three different eHMI concepts (intention-based light-band, perception-based light-band, and the combination of light-band and signal lamp) were examined and compared to a baseline (no eHMI). In a Wizard-of-Oz experiment, participants (n = 30) encountered a test vehicle equipped with the eHMIs in a real-world crossing scenario. The crossing initiation time in seconds and the participant's intention recognition were measured. Furthermore, the influence of the eHMIs on acceptance and perceived safety was evaluated. It was shown that the presence of the intention-based light-band, and the combination of light-band and signal lamp led to an earlier crossing decision compared to baseline with no eHMI. In summary, the results indicate that the intention-based light-band has a positive effect on the comprehensibility of the vehicle's intention. All concepts were evaluated positively regarding acceptance and perceived safety, and did not differ significantly from each other.
KW - Wizard-of-Oz
KW - automated driving
KW - external human-machine interfaces
KW - human-computer interaction
KW - real-world study
KW - vulnerable road user
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85133520741&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fcomp.2022.863072
DO - 10.3389/fcomp.2022.863072
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85133520741
SN - 2624-9898
VL - 4
JO - Frontiers in Computer Science
JF - Frontiers in Computer Science
M1 - 863072
ER -