Femoral nailing-related coagulopathy determined by first-hit magnitude: An animal study

We asked whether coagulopathy worsened during femoral intramedullary nailing in the presence of lung contusion and hemorrhagic shock and whether reamed or unreamed nailing influenced these results. In 30 Merino sheep, we induced hemorrhagic shock and/or standardized lung contusion followed by femoral nailing. Six groups of five each were assigned as follows: thoracotomy control groups treated with reamed or unreamed nailing, lung contusion groups treated with reamed or unreamed nailing, and shock and lung contusion groups treated with reamed or unreamed nailing. After lung contusion alone (first hit), the serum values of antithrombin III, factor V, and fibrinogen were considerably altered after reamed and unreamed femoral nailing (second hit) 4 hours postoperatively. In the lung contusion and shock groups, we found a substantial reduction for all serum coagulative parameters between baseline and fixation after reamed and unreamed nailing. The magnitude of the first hit is increased if hemorrhagic shock is added to a lung contusion determined by hemostatic reactions. The magnitude of the injury appears equally important as the type of subsequent surgery and should be considered in planning for fracture fixation in patients at high risk for complications.