Exploiting heat transfer to achieve efficient photoelectrochemical CO₂ reduction under light concentration

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable chemicals and fuels represents a promising path towards combating anthropogenic CO₂ emissions. However, the limited conversion efficiencies, operation lifetimes and CO₂ utilization efficiencies of PEC devices currently prohibit their application beyond the laboratory scale. Here, a wireless device converting CO₂ and water into carbon monoxide and hydrogen at a peak solar conversion efficiency exceeding 16% under an illumination intensity of 5 suns is demonstrated. A CO/H₂ product ratio between 10-20 is measured during a 17 h stability test. Fluctuations in device performance are rigorously analyzed via deconvolution of electrochemical and photoabsorber contributions. It is demonstrated that beneficial heat dissipation is enabled by wireless integration of the photoabsorber and electrocatalyst components, accounting for roughly 10% of the achieved conversion efficiency, an achievement unattainable with physically separated photoabsorber and electrolyzer components.