TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluating frequency regulation operated on two stationary energy systems with batteries from electric vehicles
AU - Bauer, Michaela
AU - Nguyen, Tam T.
AU - Jossen, Andreas
AU - Lygeros, John
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - Two medium-sized stationary energy storage systems of 55 kW and 120 kW, built from repurposed BMW i3 batteries, comprise the basis of this study. Giving a supplementary overview of applications for lithium-ion based energy storage systems, this paper focuses on the operational behaviour of the two systems for a frequency regulation application. A new analysis method for assessing system and battery pack behaviour is presented. Then the two topologies are assessed in terms of their characteristics for load profile, load response, current, state of charge, temperature and system performance. The systems differ both in their type of housing, which influences cell temperature, and system architecture, which affects system performance. Sophisticated cooling, recharging, and power distribution strategies are found to be necessary to ensure system reliability and are essential for optimisation. We conclude with a discussion on strategies to attain maximum system performance and minimum battery cell degradation.
AB - Two medium-sized stationary energy storage systems of 55 kW and 120 kW, built from repurposed BMW i3 batteries, comprise the basis of this study. Giving a supplementary overview of applications for lithium-ion based energy storage systems, this paper focuses on the operational behaviour of the two systems for a frequency regulation application. A new analysis method for assessing system and battery pack behaviour is presented. Then the two topologies are assessed in terms of their characteristics for load profile, load response, current, state of charge, temperature and system performance. The systems differ both in their type of housing, which influences cell temperature, and system architecture, which affects system performance. Sophisticated cooling, recharging, and power distribution strategies are found to be necessary to ensure system reliability and are essential for optimisation. We conclude with a discussion on strategies to attain maximum system performance and minimum battery cell degradation.
KW - Electric vehicle
KW - Energy storage system
KW - Lithium-ion battery
KW - Stationary application
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85058231373&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.11.068
DO - 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.11.068
M3 - Conference article
AN - SCOPUS:85058231373
SN - 1876-6102
VL - 155
SP - 32
EP - 43
JO - Energy Procedia
JF - Energy Procedia
T2 - 12th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference, IRES 2018
Y2 - 13 March 2018 through 15 March 2018
ER -
