Europe

Europe has a long tradition of systematic phenological data collection from a range of different environments. This data has proved invaluable in demonstrating the impact of climate warming on our natural environment. Since the networks evolved in different countries with different traditions of data observation and collection, aggregation at a continental scale is challenging. Here we provide a snapshot of some of the professional and newly established citizen science-based national phenology networks. Especially the Pan-European initiatives to establish a standardized framework for plant monitoring, data collection, quality control, and transfer were successful in initiating a tremendous number of high-ranked plant phenology publications due to their open-data policy. Finally, we highlight areas such as species or groups of high value for nature conservation that require further research.