Epidemiology of food allergy/food intolerance in adults: Associations with other manifestations of atopy

Torsten Schäfer, E. Böhler, S. Ruhdorfer, L. Weigl, D. Wessner, J. Heinrich, B. Filipiak, H. E. Wichmann, J. Ring

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

232 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Food allergy and food intolerance (FA/FI) are believed to be frequent medical problems; however, information from epidemiologic studies in adults is scarce. The objective was to determine the frequency of FA/FI and allergic sensitization to food in a large adult sample. Furthermore, the associations between FA/FI and other outcomes of atopy were studied. Methods: Within a population-based, nested, case-control study, a standardized interview was performed to obtain detailed information on FA/FI and the history of atopic diseases. In addition, a skin prick test with 10 common food and nine aeroallergens was performed. Results: Overall, 20.8% of the 1537 studied subjects (50.4% female, age median 50 years) reported FA/FI (women 27.5%, men 14.0%; OR 2.35, CI 1.80-3.08). Nuts, Fruits, and milk most frequently led to adverse effects, and the sites of manifestation were oral (42.9%), skin (28.7%), gastrointestinal (13.0%), systemic (3.2%), and multiple (12.2%). One-quarter of the subjects (25.1%) were sensitized to at least one food allergen in the prick test, with hazelnut (17.8%), celery (14.6%), and peanut (11.1%) accounting for most of the positive reactions. The corresponding frequency estimates for the representative study base (n=4178) were 15.5% for reported adverse reactions and 16.8% for allergic sensitization. Relevant concomitant sensitization to food and aeroallergens was observed. Food-allergic subjects (positive history and sensitization to corresponding allergen) suffered significantly more often from urticaria, asthma, atopic eczema, and especially hay fever (73.1%) than controls (3.0%). Furthermore, hay fever was treated significantly more often in subjects who suffered from concomitant food allergy. Conclusions: FA/FI in adults is frequently reported and associated with other manifestations of atopy. Hay fever in conjunction with FA/FI tends to be clinically more severe since therapeutic needs are enhanced.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1172-1179
Number of pages8
JournalAllergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Volume56
Issue number12
DOIs
StatePublished - 2001

Keywords

  • Adults
  • Atopy
  • Epidemiology
  • Food allergy/food intolerance
  • Hay fever
  • Sensitization

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