Dynamic responses of long tunnels in layered viscoelastic ground subjected to inclined SH waves

Dynamic responses of a long tunnel in a horizontally layered viscoelastic ground subjected to inclined SH waves are analyzed by Fourier transform in this paper. The tunnel is assumed to be a beam. The free field displacement of the horizontally layered viscoelastic ground is imposed on the long tunnel through the viscoelastic foundation model. The analytical solution is verified through comparison with numerical solutions and other solutions in the literature. Based on the solution, the difference between rigid bases and elastic bases is clarified, and the influence of pressure-dependent effect is discussed. Parametric analyses on the incident angle and the flexibility ratio are also performed. The solution can be easily used in the preliminary seismic analysis and design of tunnels.