Die Entwicklung eines toxischen Megakolons bei Knollenblä tterpilzvergiftungen: Eine ungewöhnliche Komplikation

History: A 71-year-old previously healthy man consumed a mushroom meal containing Amanita phalloides, which he had confused with Agaricus campestris. Approximately 8 hours later, typical gastrointestinal symptoms began with copious loss of fluids. Treatment with penicillin G was initiated followed by a continuous silibinin infusion before the patient was transferred to our toxicological department. Other than a transient tachycardia and diffuse pain on abdominal palpation clinical examination was without abnormal findings. Investigations: Laboratory findings showed severe hepatic damage with 100-fold increased transaminases, elevation of serum creatinine, hyperbilirubinemia and a serious disturbance of coagulation. Infection with HIV, hepatitis- and CMV as well as pathogenic enteric bacteria and antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis were excluded. 11 days after the mushroom meal x-ray of abdomen showed a 6 cm dilatation of the small intestine and an 8 cm dilatation of the colon. Diagnosis and treatment: Although clinical condition and laboratory findings nearly fulfilled transplantation criteria, hepatic injury resolved during intensive care therapy. Intractable diarrhea, dilatation of the intestine on x-ray as well as other findings met criteria of toxic megacolon. Therapy with antibiotics and systemic steroids was ineffective, so the patient needed decompression by a catheter, which was placed by colonoscopy. 30 days after the serious amanita poisoning complicated by development of toxic megacolon, the patient's condition resolved without sequelae and he was discharged. Conclusions: In addition the well known complications of amanita-poisoning, such as hepatic failure, encephalopathy and multi-organ failure, involvement of other organs like bone marrow, pancreas, kidney and gastrointestinal tract (except for the initial cholera-like gastroenteritis) are not well documented in the literature. Uncommon complications like toxic megacolon require an empirical approach.