Die ökologische Basenamplitude von Baumarten in Deutschland

For the climate change-adapted conversion of temperate forests data for tree species selection are increasingly demanded. In addition to the climatic amplitude also the nutrient requirements of tree species are a crucial site-specific selection criterion. Vegetation ecologists have found a strong relationships between forest vegetation and the soil milieu very early, and recorded them, e.g. in the indicator values for soil reaction of ELLENBERG et al. (2001). However, the base saturation (BS), which describes the portion of exchangeable base cations in the soil, is a better indicator for the site-specific trophy than the soil reaction. The tolerance or preference of tree species for the soil chemistry or trophy of a site has so far mainly been described qualitatively or semi-quantitatively based on expert knowledge. For a more detailed assessment of the tree-specific base amplitude, the combined use of a presence-only approach with a presence-absence approach on soil, stand and vegetation data of the second National Forest Soil Inventory allowed to identify tree species-specific BS ranges and to rank tree species according to their nutrient demand. The obtained ranking does not only indicate the ecological base amplitude qualitatively (Tab. 2) or semi-quantitatively (Tab. 3), but also captures it quantitatively (Fig. 4a, b and 5) and largely matches with the currently existing expert-based and semiquantitative classifications. The ranking provides an overview of tree species with a similar base amplitude for forest management planning. Of course, other site factors (e.g. water balance) also have to be considered for site-adapted tree species selection. Moreover, the differentiation between a physiological and the ecological amplitude of a tree species is very important, whereby the latter is additionally characterized by biotic factors. This is especially important for tree species selection in climate change.