TY - JOUR
T1 - Detecting diclofenac in livestock carcasses in India with an ELISA
T2 - A tool to prevent widespread vulture poisoning
AU - Saini, Mohini
AU - Taggart, Mark A.
AU - Knopp, Dietmar
AU - Upreti, Suchitra
AU - Swarup, Devendra
AU - Das, Asit
AU - Gupta, Praveen K.
AU - Niessner, Reinhard
AU - Prakash, Vibhu
AU - Mateo, Rafael
AU - Cuthbert, Richard J.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the Director and Joint Director (Research) at IVRI and the Director of BNHS for providing the necessary facilities to carry out this work. Financial support came from the UK Government’s Darwin Initiative and the RSPB . We acknowledge laboratory assistance provided by Mohan Bhat at IVRI.
PY - 2012/1
Y1 - 2012/1
N2 - Diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has caused catastrophic vulture declines across the Indian sub-continent. Here, an indirect ELISA is used to detect and quantify diclofenac in 1251 liver samples from livestock carcasses collected across India between August 2007 and June 2008, one to two years after a ban on diclofenac manufacture and distribution for veterinary use was implemented. The ELISAs applicability was authenticated with independent data obtained using LC-ESI/MS. Of 1251 samples, 1150 (91.9%) were negative for diclofenac using both methods, and 60 (4.8%) were positive at 10-4348 and 10-4441 μg kg -1 when analysed by ELISA and LC-ESI/MS, respectively. The residue level relationship in the 60 positive samples was highly significant (p < 0.001, r 2 = 0.644). Data suggest that this immunological assay could be used not only for cost effective sample screening, but also for residue level semi-quantification.
AB - Diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has caused catastrophic vulture declines across the Indian sub-continent. Here, an indirect ELISA is used to detect and quantify diclofenac in 1251 liver samples from livestock carcasses collected across India between August 2007 and June 2008, one to two years after a ban on diclofenac manufacture and distribution for veterinary use was implemented. The ELISAs applicability was authenticated with independent data obtained using LC-ESI/MS. Of 1251 samples, 1150 (91.9%) were negative for diclofenac using both methods, and 60 (4.8%) were positive at 10-4348 and 10-4441 μg kg -1 when analysed by ELISA and LC-ESI/MS, respectively. The residue level relationship in the 60 positive samples was highly significant (p < 0.001, r 2 = 0.644). Data suggest that this immunological assay could be used not only for cost effective sample screening, but also for residue level semi-quantification.
KW - Diclofenac analysis
KW - Diclofenac poisoning
KW - Indirect competitive ELISA
KW - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
KW - Vulture conservation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=80053504931&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.011
DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.011
M3 - Article
C2 - 22035919
AN - SCOPUS:80053504931
SN - 0269-7491
VL - 160
SP - 11
EP - 16
JO - Environmental Pollution
JF - Environmental Pollution
IS - 1
ER -