Der Zusammenhang zwischen schulischer Tabakkontrolle und der wahrgenommenen Raucherprävalenz Jugendlicher

Background: In the German context, there is hardly any quantitative data about the implementation of school tobacco polices that include the perspective of both teachers and students. The aim of the study is to investigate the associations between implemented school tobacco policies and the perceived prevalence of smoking at the level of school staff and adolescents. Methods: The repeated cross-sectional study (2013 and 2017) is based on pooled responses of 13- to 17-year-old adolescents (N = 2393) and school staff (N = 85) from 25 schools located in the West German metropolitan region of Hanover. In linear regression models, average marginal effects (AMEs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI95%) and robust standard errors for perceived tobacco prevalence are reported separately for school tobacco policies assessed by teachers and students (scale 0–6). All models were controlled for sociodemographic, school-, and smoking-specific covariates. Results: On average, adolescents perceive a smoking prevalence of 30% (x‾ = 30.2 ; s: 24.0) for their school. A comprehensive school tobacco policy is consistently associated with lower school smoking prevalence both from the point of view of teachers (AME: −3.54 CI95% −6.49 to −0.58) and students (AME: −1.69 CI95% −2.52 to −0.86). The number of smoking friends (e.g., “most of them are smokers” +14%: AME: 14.13 CI95% 10.46 to 17.80) and the type of school are the most relevant determinants of a high school smoking prevalence. School types with a nonacademic track report a 15% (AME: 15.03 CI95% 10.13 to 19.93) higher prevalence compared to grammar schools. Discussion: Progressive school tobacco control policies should focus more on school types with nonacademic tracks, certain groups at risk, and those schools that do not strictly enforce school tobacco policies.